The results highlight the danger at which the SCs of Røldal, in case of floods, and of Ringebu, Torpo and Øye, in case of landslide, may face and stress the urgency of increasing awareness and preparedness on these potential hazards. The paper contributes to a better understanding of place-based vulnerability with local mapping dimension also considering future threats posed by climate change. Material and data collection started with the consultation of the available literature related to: (1) SCs' conservation status, (2) available methodologies suitable in multi-hazard approach and (3) vulnerability leading indicators to consider when dealing with the impact of natural hazards specifically on immovable cultural heritage. In addition, the present contribution aims to provide decision makers with some information to face the exacerbation of the risk caused by the expected climate change. The overall objective of this study is envisaged to provide decision makers with actionable insights and access to multi-risk maps for the most in-danger stave churches (SCs) among the existing 28 churches at high spatial resolution to better understand, reduce and mitigate single- and multi-risk. A flood risk based map that includes consequences, however, has yet to be developed by most countries. With respect to the EU Flood Directive, many countries already have a good starting point to map their flood hazards. Finally, flood maps are also produced by international river commissions. Flood maps, also mainly extent maps, are also created by the insurance industry in Europe and used to determine insurability, differentiate premiums, or to assess long-term financial solvency. France, Poland) where there is a legal basis to regulate floodplain developments using flood zones, practical problems are often faced which reduce the mitigating effect of such binding legislation. In spatial planning, flood zones delimited on flood maps mainly serve as guidelines and are not binding. The available flood maps are mostly developed by governmental organizations and primarily used for emergency planning, spatial planning, and awareness raising. Very few countries have developed flood risk maps that include information on the consequences of flooding. Of the different flood maps distinguished, it appears that flood extent maps are the most commonly produced floods maps (in 23 countries), but flood depth maps are also regularly created (in seven countries). Only five countries have very limited or no flood maps available yet. Roughly half of the countries considered have maps covering as good as their entire territory, and another third have maps covering significant parts of their territory. This paper gives an overview of existing flood mapping practices in 29 countries in Europe and shows what maps are already available and how such maps are used. One of the major tasks which member states must carry out in order to comply with this Directive is to map flood hazards and risks in their territory, which will form the basis of future flood risk management plans. To support the transition from traditional flood defence strategies to a flood risk management approach at the basin scale in Europe, the EU has adopted a new Directive (2007/60/EC) at the end of 2007.
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